Process of dyeing turkey red.



NITED STATES PATENT OFFIQE.

ALVIN FAHRMANN, OF LUDWlGSl-IAFEN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO THE BADISOI-IEANILIN AND SODA FABRIK, OF SAME PLACE.

PROCESS prison-nae TURKEY RED.

1 I v SPECIFICATION forming part of Lette Patent No. 661,858, datedNovember 13, 1900. Application filed October Ha 1899. Serial No.733,989. (No specimens.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALVIN FAHRMANN, a subject of the King of Saxony,residing at Lud- Wigshafen-omthaRhine, in the Kingdom of Bavaria andEmpire of Germany, have invented new and useful Improvements in DyeingTurkey Red, (for which applications for patents have been filed inEngland, No. 18,742, dated September 16, 1899, and in Germany, No. B.25,119, dated July 12, 1899,) of which the following is a specification.

The ultimate object of my invention is a simplified process for dyeingthe color called Turkey red upon cotton or other vegetable fiber. Inarriving at this simplified process I have invented a new composition ofmatter, which I claim in a separate application for Letters Patentdivided from this.

Many attempts have been made to simplify and improve the process ofdyeing the color known as Turkey red; but the simplest process ingeneral use to-dayis still very complicated, expensive, and requires along time to carry it out. Perhaps the process which is now mostgenerally used is the so-ealled new-red process, which can be carriedout in the following manner: After the cotton has been prepared in theusual way by boiling it it is at first thoroughly impregnated withTurkey-red oil. For dark shades this operation is preferably repeated.The goods are then thoroughly dried at a temperature of to centigrade.They are then treated with the mordant solution, acetate or basicsulfate of alumina. After this they are dried once more and then treatedwith chalk to thoroughly fix the mordant. This is succeeded by a washingoperation, and only after this complicated treatment, involving twodrying operations, can the dyeing process be begun. ing bath; but if itis desired to obtain the brightest shades it is necessary to dye at atemperature of about 65 centigrade and then to steam the goods underpressure to develop the color. Finally the dyed goods are brightened byboiling with a soap solution, preferably under pressure, whereby theshade is rendered more beautiful and fresh and the The dyeing can beeifected in a boil goods are freed from coloringmatter deposited on thesurface and from impurities.

The process above sketched is much simpler than the old Turkey-redmordanting and dyeing process; but nevertheless it is very complicated,and the drying operations take a considerable time and render theprocess expensive.

I have invented a process which is much simpler than that abovedescribed. By its use it becomes possible to avoid the following stepsof the process above described: First, it is unnecessary to steam thegoods to develop or fix the coloring-matter on the fiber; second, thedrying operation is unnecessary both after mordanting and after thedyeing operation, and, third, the treatment with chalk to thoroughly fixthe mordant, which is essential in the process described, becomesunnecessary.

My new process consists, first, in treating the goods in a specialoiling-bath, and I have invented the new composition of matter used inthe preparation of this bath. The said new product consists of adefinite mixture or combination of castor-oil, caustic soda, stair nateof soda, sodium aluminate, and sodium phosphate. If desired, theseingredients or some of them can be supplied to the dyer ready mixed inthe proportions I hereinafter setforth, or the dyer may prepare theproduct in the dye-house itself. Thus, for instance, a mixture ofcaustic soda, stannate of soda, sodium alluminate, and sodium phosphatein the right proportions, which I have discovered, could be supplied tothe dyer and he could in the dye-house eifect the boiling of thecastor-oil with this new mixture, or the boiled soap mixture could besupplied to the dyer ready for use. After the treatment in my saidspecial oiling-bath the mordanting' of the goods is effected in amordanting-bath which has a strong acid reaction.

The series of operations necessary is rendered essentially simpler,shorter, and cheaper by my invention without, on the other hand, theshades being less beautiful or less intense. The following example willserve to further illustrate the nature of the kilogram sodium-silicatesolution possessing a density of forty (40) degrees Baum. After thisboiling out treatment the goods are 4, swilled and freed from the excessof water in A forty (240)1iters of boiling water.

a centrifugal machine. The next operation is the treatment in thespecial oiling-bath according to this invention. For this purpose makethe'following composition of matter: pied fourteen (-14) kilograms ofcaustic soda,

twenty-five (25) kilograms of sodium Stan-- nate, fifteen (15) kilogramsof sodium aluminate, (commercial,) and ten (10) kilograms of sodiumphosphate. This mixture constitutes the new composition of matter withwhich the castonoil is treated according to my invention. For thispurpose dissolve the said mixture in two hundred (200) liters of boilingwater. Then add one hundred (100) kilograms of castor-oil and boil untilthe oil is completely saponified. In this way what may be called a newcastoroil soap which I have invented is prepared. In order to use thisin my new oiling and mordanting process, I prepare a stock solution bydiluting that obtained as above described, so as to make up the mixtureto eight hundred and fifty (850) liters. If the mixture has been rightlyprepared and the operations have proceeded properly, the oiling solutionthus obtained should show a density of ten (10) degrees Baum. The oilingcan be effected in a small vat with a broad rim or a machine can be usedin which the goods are passed through the solution. It is recommendedthat about two pounds of cotton should be treated simultaneously withsix liters of the oiling solution obtained as above described and twoliters of water, which must be as free from chalk as well may be. Forevery further two pounds of yarn onehalf liter of oiling solution isadded. After passing the goods a second time through the solution theyarn is thoroughly and even- 1y wrung out and dried at about sixty (60)to seventy degrees centigrade. The next operation is the actualmordanting. For this purpose dissolve forty (40) kilograms of sulfate ofalumina in two hundred and Run off the clear solution from any sediment.The solution obtained should show a density of about twelve (12) degreesBaum. Immediately before using add about six and fourtenths (6.4)kilograms ammonium chlorid and five and one-fifth (5.2) kilograms ofsulfate of magnesium dissolved in one hundred and twenty (120) liters ofboiling water. The mordanting solution that is obtained should show adensity of about seven (7) degrees Baum. The yarn is again preferablytreated in proportions of two pounds at a time and either in a small vatwith a broad rim or with the aid of a machine for passingthe goodsthrough the solution. The mordanting solution is maintained at atemperature of about thirty-five to forty (35 to 40) degrees centigrade,and at first twelve liters of the solu- [i011 are used. For eachsuccessive two pounds of yarn three-quarters of a liter more mordantingsolution is added. The goods are passed once through the solution andare then washed until the wash-water no longer shows an acid reaction.

As aforesaid, the proportion of the ingredients used in the variousoperations accord-.

ing to this invention can be varied. In this actual mordanting operationit is essential that the bath should have a distinctly acid reaction,which is not the case in the mordanting-baths as usually employed. The'addition of the sulfate of magnesium is not absolutely necessary, but Ifind that it has the effect of rendering it easier to obtain uniformshades.

The actual dyeing operation is effected as follows: Thedyeingvatisprepared with from eight (8) to ten (10) per cent. ofalizarin paste containing twenty (20) per cent. alizarin. To this isadded from one (1) to one and a half (1%) per cent. solidacetate of limedissolved in water. The quantity of this substance used is regulatedaccording to the hardness of the water. The mordanted yarn without beingdried is entered into this dyeing-bath and treated therein for about aquarter (i) of an hour at the ordinary temperature. After this the bathis gradually heated, so that in about three-quarters (g) of an hour itboils and the boiling is continued for from one (1) to one and a half(1%) hours. Finally the goods are well swilled. The next operation ofbrightening can either be effected in an open vat or in a closedapparatus under pressure. The water to be used is boiled with from two(2) to four (4) kilograms of calcined soda to every one thousand (1,000)liters, the quantity of soda being chosen according to the hardness ofthe water. Remove the scum that forms. Add an emulsion of five (5)kilograms tournant oil and two and a half (2%) kilograms of soap and one(1) kilogram of potato-starch. The soap and potato-starch are eachseparately mixed or dissolved in hot water, and then the oil is added.Enter the yarn into this solution and treat for from one (1) to one anda half (1%)hours, preferably under pressure of one atmosphere. Wash thegoods well and dry.

Now what I claim is The new process for dyeing Turkey red on vegetablefiber consisting first in boiling out the goods in the usual way, thenoiling in a bath containing a castor-oil soap composed of castor-oil,caustic soda, sodium stannate, sodium aluminate, and sodium phosphate,then thoroughly wringing out and drying, then mordanting in a bathpossessing an acid reaction and containing sulfate of alumina, ammoniumchlorid, and sulfate of magnesium, Washing the goods until theWash-water no longer shows an acid reaction, and then, Without drying,dyeing in a bath containing alizarin paste and acetate of lime, swillingthoroughly and finally, Without drying brighten- IO ing by treating withan aqueous solution or mixture containing tournant oil, soap andpotato-starch, all substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

ALVIN FAHRMANN.

Witnesses:

ERNEST F. EHRHARDT, BERNHARD C. HESSE.

Correction in Letters Patent No. 661,858.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 661,858, grantedNovember 13,1900,

upon the application of Alvin Fahrmann, of Ludwigshafen, Germany, for animprovement in Processes of Dyeing Turkey Red, an error appears in theprinted specification requiring correction, as follows: In line 19, page2, the Word pied should be stricken out; and that the said LettersPatent should be read with this correction, therein that the sanie mayconform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed, countersigned, and sealed this 1st day of January, A. D., 1901.

[SEAL] F. L. CAMPBELL,

Assistant Secretary of the Interim".

Oountersigned G. H. DUELL,

Commissioner of Patents.

